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ESR (ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE)

Special Instruction : No fasting required
Parameters covered : 1
Sample(s) required : Blood, Whole Blood EDTA (3 ml)
₹100 ₹150
Home Collection
Lab Visit

Parameters (1)

Overview

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

The ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) is a common, non-specific blood test that measures the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) settle to the bottom of a vertical tube of blood over a specific period, typically one hour.

This test is an indirect measure of the degree of inflammation present in the body. It does not diagnose a specific disease, but rather indicates that a disease process is present and causing inflammation.


How the ESR Test Works

  1. Principle: In a healthy person, red blood cells settle slowly.
  2. Inflammation's Effect: When inflammation is present, the body produces high levels of certain large proteins called acute phase reactants (such as fibrinogen and immunoglobulins).
  3. Aggregation: These proteins coat the red blood cells, causing them to clump together (aggregate) and form stacks called rouleaux.
  4. Faster Sedimentation: These heavier, clumped stacks fall through the plasma more quickly, resulting in a higher (faster) ESR rate.


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Pre-test Information
No fasting required
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Frequently asked questions on " ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) "

A significantly elevated ESR is usually due to inflammation caused by: Infections: Bacterial infections are a common cause. Autoimmune/Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Lupus, Temporal Arteritis, and Polymyalgia Rheumatica. The ESR is often used to monitor the activity of these conditions. Cancer: Certain types of cancer, particularly lymphomas or multiple myeloma. Anemia: Severe iron-deficiency anemia can cause a falsely elevated ESR because there are fewer red blood cells to impede sedimentation.

When inflammation is present, the body produces high levels of large proteins, such as fibrinogen. These proteins coat the surface of red blood cells, causing them to stick together and form heavy clumps called rouleaux. Because these clumps are heavier than single red cells, they fall to the bottom of the tube faster, resulting in a higher ESR rate.

Both tests measure inflammation, but they have key differences: CRP (C-Reactive Protein): Rises much faster (within hours) and falls faster when inflammation subsides. It is generally considered a more sensitive and reliable measure of acute inflammation. ESR: Rises and falls more slowly (taking days). It is often preferred for monitoring chronic conditions like RA because its slow change reflects the long-term activity better.

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