Lipoprotein a (Lp-a)
The Non-Modifiable Genetic Risk Factor for Heart Disease
Lipoprotein (a), or Lp(a), is a unique, genetically determined type of cholesterol particle that acts as a powerful and independent risk factor for premature heart disease and stroke.
Lp(a) is essentially a Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) particle that is covalently bonded to an extra-large protein called apolipoprotein(a). This unique structure makes Lp(a) highly dangerous because it promotes:
- Atherosclerosis: Like LDL, it deposits cholesterol in artery walls.
- Thrombosis (Clots): The apolipoprotein(a) structure closely resembles plasminogen (the body's natural clot-buster), which interferes with clot breakdown, leading to a higher risk of heart attack and stroke
Lp(a) levels are determined almost entirely by your genetics and do not change significantly due to diet or exercise. This test is crucial for refining cardiovascular risk and is recommended for:
- Premature Disease: Patients who have experienced a heart attack, stroke, or peripheral artery disease before the age of 55 (men) or 65 (women).
- Family History: Individuals with a strong family history of early cardiovascular disease.
- Unexplained Risk: Patients who have optimal LDL and blood pressure but still suffer from cardiovascular events.
- Genetic Cholesterol Screening: Individuals with known or suspected Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH).
