Protein electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that separates proteins based on their electrical charge and size. In this test, a sample of protein is loaded onto a gel matrix, and an electrical current is applied. The proteins move through the gel matrix towards the positive electrode, and the smaller proteins move faster than the larger ones. As a result, the proteins separate based on their size, with the smallest proteins migrating farthest and the largest proteins staying closest to the point of origin. This technique is commonly used in medical and research settings to diagnose and study diseases such as multiple myeloma and to analyze protein samples for research purposes.